Menu

Brachytherapy

Brachytherapy is a specialized form of radiation therapy that involves the placement of radioactive sources directly into or near a tumor. It is used to deliver radiation treatment in a highly targeted manner, with the radioactive sources either left in place permanently (low-dose-rate) or temporarily (high-dose-rate).

There are three main forms of brachytherapy:

Intracavitary Treatment: In this form of brachytherapy, radioactive sources are inserted into a cavity or space near where the tumor is located. Common sites for intracavitary treatment include the cervix, vagina, or trachea.

Interstitial Treatment: In interstitial brachytherapy, catheters (tubes) are placed directly into the tissues, such as the prostate, perineum, or oral cavity, through which radioactive sources are delivered. 

Surface Mold Brachytherapy: This technique involves using molds or applicators externally to treat certain skin cancers. 

Brachytherapy Dose Rates:
  • High-Dose-Rate (HDR): HDR brachytherapy involves the temporary placement of a potent radiation source that is accurately directed into the tumor through a catheter. It is often given in multiple doses, either once or twice daily or once or twice weekly. Anesthesia and a surgical procedure may be required.
  • Low-Dose-Rate (LDR): LDR brachytherapy involves the placement of temporary or permanent radiation sources into the tumor area. Permanent implants may require anesthesia, surgery, and a brief hospital stay. Temporary implants are left inside the body for varying durations, during which patients are cared for in private rooms with precautions to limit radiation exposure.
Patients need to be aware of the following aspects of brachytherapy:
  • Discomfort and Medication: Most patients experience little discomfort during brachytherapy. Discomfort from the applicator, if used, can be managed with medication. Patients who receive anesthesia can also receive medication to alleviate post-anesthesia symptoms.
  • Precautions: Depending on the type of brachytherapy, patients may need to take precautions after treatment, especially if they will be around young children or pregnant women. It's essential to discuss any specific precautions with the radiation oncologist or oncology nurse.
  • Combination Therapy: Brachytherapy may be used alone or in combination with external radiation treatments, surgery, or chemotherapy, depending on the patient's specific condition and treatment plan.
  • Customized Treatment: Brachytherapy allows for highly customized and targeted radiation treatment, which can result in effective tumor control with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. It is especially valuable in treating cancers in areas where precision is crucial.
  • Follow-Up: After brachytherapy, patients will have regular follow-up appointments with their medical team to monitor the treatment's effectiveness and address any potential side effects or concerns. 

At St. Mary's Regional Cancer Center, brachytherapy is used as a specialized and highly effective form of radiation therapy that offers precise and targeted treatment for various types of cancers. Its ability to deliver high radiation doses while minimizing damage to healthy tissues makes it a valuable treatment option for many cancer patients. The choice of brachytherapy technique and dose rate depends on the specific clinical situation and the treatment goals of each patient.